History:
The most glorious period of Mongolian history dates back some eight hundred years ago, when in 1206 Chinggis Khaan united the Mongol tribes and embarked on a series of military conquests from northeast Asia to the Middle East and Europe. Throughout the 13th century the heirs of Chinggis Khaan expanded the Mongol Empire to the point where it became the largest empire in human history, stretching from Vietnam to Central Europe. By the mid 14th century, however, internal power struggles caused the empire to splinter, and by the late 17th century the Manchu Qing Empire of northern China had subjugated all of what are known today as Outer and Inner Mongolia. In 1921 Mongolia secured her independence from China and became the world's second communist country. For the next 68 years Mongolia remained closely aligned with the Soviet Union, and developed political and economic systems following Soviet models. In the 1990 there was fall of the Communist government, and fully democratic, multi-party elections were held. A new constitution guaranteeing human rights and private ownership of property was adopted in January 1992. More than 10 political parties took part in the past three democratic elections, Mongolian voters also directly elect the President for a 4-year term of office.